{"id":15610,"date":"2026-08-19T11:20:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T03:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drillpipes.com\/how-to-handle-operaciones-de-viajes-under-real-perforacion-conditions\/"},"modified":"2026-09-18T15:58:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T07:58:22","slug":"how-to-handle-operaciones-de-viajes-under-real-perforacion-conditions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.drillpipes.com\/es\/how-to-handle-operaciones-de-viajes-under-real-perforacion-conditions\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Handle operaciones de viajes Under Real perforaci\u00f3n Conditions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tripping pipe<\/strong> moves the drill string repeatedly between the wellbore, rig floor, and setback area, exposing every drill pipe joint to lifting, gripping, connection breakout, racking, stabbing, and make-up.<\/strong> During tripping out<\/strong>, the string is pulled from the hole and stands are progressively disconnected and racked; when running back in, those stands return to the well center, are made up again, and are lowered into the well. OSHA describes the same operating sequence through slips, elevators, breakout, pipe racking, and repeated make-up as the string returns downhole.<\/p>\n\n

For the tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n itself, a trip involves much more than vertical movement. The tuber\u00eda body is repeatedly supported and released, the uni\u00f3n is gripped during breakout and make-up, and the pin, box and shoulder pass through another uni\u00f3n cycle before returning downpozo. tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n handling<\/strong> therefore depends not only on the equipo de perforaci\u00f3n procedure, but also on tuber\u00eda size, junta peso, tool-junta geometry and uni\u00f3n condition throughout the trip.<\/p>\n\n

What Does operaciones de viajes Mean in perforaci\u00f3n?<\/h2>\n\n

A trip removes part or all of the sarta de perforaci\u00f3n from the pozo and, when required, returns it downpozo. A complete pull-out followed by running the sarta back in is commonly called a round trip.<\/p>\n\n

The sarta may be pulled for a bit change, BHA work, inspection, logging, or another operation that requires access to the sarta de perforaci\u00f3n or bottom-pozo assembly.<\/p>\n\n

During extracci\u00f3n de la sarta<\/strong>, each tramo reaches the piso del equipo in sequence. The suspended sarta is supported, the uni\u00f3n is broken, and the tramo is moved into the racking area. When introducci\u00f3n de la sarta, the process reverses: the tramo returns to pozo center, the uni\u00f3n is stabbed and made up, and the sarta is lowered farther into the pozo.<\/p>\n\n

This repeated cycle matters because different parts of the tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n are loaded and contacted in different ways. The tuber\u00eda body may be held by slips, the uni\u00f3n may be gripped during breakout, and the pin, box, and shoulder pass through another uni\u00f3n cycle before the sarta returns downpozo.<\/p>\n\n

What Happens to tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n During extracci\u00f3n de la sarta and introducci\u00f3n de la sarta?<\/h2>\n\n

The equipo de perforaci\u00f3n design may vary, but the tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n passes through a similar sequence of lifting, supporting, breakout, racking and make-up during most tuber\u00eda tripping operations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

Tripping Stage<\/th>Main Action<\/th>tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n Area Involved<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Raise the sarta<\/td>elevadors lift the sarta de perforaci\u00f3n or tramo<\/td>uni\u00f3n \/ elevador contact area<\/td><\/tr>
Set the sarta<\/td>Slips support the suspended sarta<\/td>tuber\u00eda body \/ slip contact area<\/td><\/tr>
Break the uni\u00f3n<\/td>Tongs or powered equipment apply breakout par<\/td>uni\u00f3n OD, pin and box<\/td><\/tr>
Move and rack the tramo<\/td>The disconnected tramo is transferred to the setback or fingerboard<\/td>tuber\u00eda body, uni\u00f3ns and tuber\u00eda ends<\/td><\/tr>
Return the tramo<\/td>The tramo is moved back to the pozo center<\/td>tuber\u00eda body and uni\u00f3n ends<\/td><\/tr>
Stab and ensamble<\/td>The pin is aligned with the box and the uni\u00f3n is tightened<\/td>roscas, shoulder faces and uni\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr>
Run in pozo<\/td>The connected sarta de perforaci\u00f3n is lowered into the pozo<\/td>Complete sarta de perforaci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

OSHA\u2019s tripping guidance identifies elevadors, slips and tongs as key equipment used to lift, support and connect the sarta de perforaci\u00f3n during a trip. Because each tool transfers load through a different part of the tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n, the resulting contact marks and damage patterns also appear in different locations.<\/p>\n\n

During tuber\u00eda tripping operations<\/strong>, tong marks are more likely to appear on the uni\u00f3n, slip marks develop on the tuber\u00eda-body contact area, while the pin, box and shoulder surfaces are repeatedly exposed during breakout and make-up. These indications should therefore be evaluated according to where they occur and how the load was applied, rather than being treated as the same type of handling damage.<\/p>\n\n

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Why tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n Size and peso Matter During Tripping<\/h2>\n\n

Nominal tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n size<\/a><\/strong> does not fully describe what the equipo de perforaci\u00f3n is actually handling. espesor de pared, tuber\u00eda peso and internal diametro can change while the nominal di\u00e1metro externo remains the same, and the uni\u00f3n introduces another set of dimensions.<\/p>\n\n

Published TMK tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n data provide a useful example for 5 in. tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n. Their dimensional table lists both 19.50 lb\/ft and 25.60 lb\/ft configurations at the same 5.000 in. nominal OD.<\/p>\n\n

5 in. tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n Data<\/th>19.50 lb\/ft Configuration<\/th>25.60 lb\/ft Configuration<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Nominal OD<\/td>5.000 in. \/ 127.0 mm<\/td>5.000 in. \/ 127.0 mm<\/td><\/tr>
Nominal peso<\/td>19.50 lb\/ft \/ 29.05 kg\/m<\/td>25.60 lb\/ft \/ 38.13 kg\/m<\/td><\/tr>
espesor de pared<\/td>0.362 in. \/ 9.19 mm<\/td>0.500 in. \/ 12.70 mm<\/td><\/tr>
tuber\u00eda-body ID<\/td>4.276 in. \/ 108.62 mm<\/td>4.000 in. \/ 101.60 mm<\/td><\/tr>
Upset<\/td>IEU<\/td>IEU<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

The published dimensions show why two juntas described simply as \u201c5-pulgada tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n\u201d should not automatically be treated as identical. The 25.60 lb\/ft configuration has a wall approximately\u00a038% thicker<\/strong>\u00a0than the 19.50 lb\/ft configuration\u20140.500 in. coMPared with 0.362 in.\u2014while its tuber\u00eda-body ID is correspondingly smaller. The upset configuration is another part of the finished junta that should be confirmed together with body size and tool-junta dimensions. IEU, EU and IU tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n upset types<\/a><\/strong> change the tuber\u00eda-end geometry before the uni\u00f3n is welded.<\/p>\n\n

The difference is relevant to tripping for more than one reason. Increased nominal tuber\u00eda peso changes the steel peso being moved, while different body and tool-junta geometry can affect the interfaces used by slips, elevadors, and tongs.<\/p>\n\n

The same TMK product range lists E75, X95, G105, and S135 tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n<\/a> grados and 4\u00bd\u20135\u00bd in. tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n with espesor de paredes extending up to 0.500 in.<\/p>\n\n

grado, however, should not be confused with handling geometry. E75, X95, G105, and S135 describe different strength classes; those grado names do not tell the equipo de perforaci\u00f3n crew the tool-junta OD, tong area, elevador profile, or the exact finished dimensions of the uni\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n

That is why tuber\u00eda selection should consider the complete\u00a0API 5DP tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n sizes, grados and uni\u00f3ns<\/strong>\u00a0rather than using nominal OD or grado alone.<\/p>\n\n

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Where Handling Equipment Contacts the tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n

During tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n handling<\/strong>, different tools act on different parts of the tuber\u00eda. That sounds obvious, but it matters when a junta comes back from a trip with new marks or surface damage.<\/p>\n\n

elevadors carry the tramo as it moves through the piso del equipo, while slips hold the suspended sarta when a uni\u00f3n is being worked. Tongs act farther out on the uni\u00f3n, where they provide the grip needed for breakout and make-up. Once the uni\u00f3n is broken, the tramo is moved into the setback area, introducing another round of contact with racking and transfer equipment.<\/p>\n\n

The result is that handling marks tend to have a location as pozo as a cause. Slip marks normally appear on the tuber\u00eda-body gripping area, while tong marks are associated with the uni\u00f3n. Damage around the pin, box or shoulder is more closely related to uni\u00f3n handling, stabbing and repeated make-up or breakout.<\/p>\n\n

This is also why nominal tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n size is not enough when checking handling coMPatibility. The equipo de perforaci\u00f3n actually handles the finished junta, including the tuber\u00eda body, upset and uni\u00f3n. Tool-junta OD, available tong area and the profile used by the elevador can all matter even when two tuber\u00edas share the same nominal body OD.<\/p>\n\n

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Mechanical Loads and pozo del sondeo Effects During Tripping<\/h2>\n\n

A sarta de perforaci\u00f3n behaves differently on the way out of the pozo than it does simply hanging still.<\/p>\n\n

While extracci\u00f3n de la sarta<\/strong>, the hoisting system has to lift the suspended sarta and overcome resistance where the tuber\u00eda contacts the pozo del sondeo. In a relatively straight pozo this may be modest. In a directional or long horizontal section, arrastre can become much more noticeable, so the gancho load seen while pulling upward may differ considerably from the apparent sarta peso.<\/p>\n\n

Curved sections of the pozo add another effect. tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n passing through a dogleg bends as it moves, while still carrying the peso of the sarta below. The tuber\u00eda is therefore seeing more than simple tension, particularly in pozos with significant inclinaci\u00f3n or repeated changes in trajectory.<\/p>\n\n

tuber\u00eda movement also affects the fluid around it. Pulling the sarta can reduce bottom-pozo pressure through swab effects, while running it back down can increase pressure through surge. How large those changes become depends on the actual pozo\u2014not just the tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n. pozo size, BHA geometry, clearance around the sarta, perforaci\u00f3n-fluid properties and tuber\u00eda movement all play a part.<\/p>\n\n

For that reason, a tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n specification cannot provide one tripping speed that is suitable for every job. The tuber\u00eda supplier can confirm dimensions, grado, uni\u00f3n and mechanical properties, but the operating limits for tuber\u00eda tripping operations<\/strong> have to be determined from the actual pozo and equipo de perforaci\u00f3n conditions.<\/p>\n\n

For the tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n itself, the useful question is simpler: whether the body and uni\u00f3n have enough capacity for the expected service and whether the finished junta matches the equipment that will lift, grip and ensamble the tuber\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n

Where tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n Damage Occurs During Tripping<\/h2>\n\n

Drill pipe damage during tripping<\/strong> usually appears at the same places where the pipe is repeatedly gripped, supported, broken out, made up, or moved around the rig floor. The type of damage often gives a clue to how it was produced.<\/p>\n\n

Pin and box threads<\/strong> go through another connection cycle every time a stand is broken out and later made up again. Poor stabbing alignment can bring the threads into contact before the pin is properly centered, while dirt, drilling-fluid solids, metal particles or impact damage can interfere with smooth make-up. Galling, damaged thread crests or visible deformation deserve more attention than ordinary residual thread compound.<\/p>\n\n

Shoulder faces<\/strong> are easier to overlook because most attention naturally goes to the threads. A dent, raised metal or trapped debris on the shoulder can prevent the connection from seating correctly even when the thread profile still appears acceptable.<\/p>\n\n

The uni\u00f3n OD<\/strong> sees a different type of contact. Tongs and breakout equipment grip this area directly, so handling marks commonly appear here. Light impressions are not the same as deep die marks, localized crushing or damage close to the uni\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n

The tuber\u00eda body and slip area<\/strong> experience concentrated support while the sarta is suspended. Repeated setting and releasing can leave characteristic marks in this zone. Deeper slip cuts, gouges, iMPact dents or local deformation deserve closer attention because the tuber\u00eda will return downpozo and carry perforaci\u00f3n load again.<\/p>\n\n

A visible mark alone does not determine whether a junta remains suitable for service. Its location, depth, shape and the inspection criteria being applied matter more than appearance alone.<\/p>\n\n

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Why the Finished tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n junta Matters During a Trip<\/h2>\n\n

A tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n purchase description often starts with body OD, nominal peso and grado, but those values do not describe every interface used during a trip. The equipo de perforaci\u00f3n actually works with the complete junta: tuber\u00eda body, upset, uni\u00f3n and uni\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n

A 5-pulgada body may therefore require different handling considerations when tool-junta OD, tong space or uni\u00f3n geometry changes. grado works the same way. E75, X95, G105 and S135 describe tuber\u00eda-body strength levels, but they do not identify the elevador profile or tong area of the finished junta.<\/p>\n\n

This is why tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n selection should consider the complete API 5DP tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n sizes, grados and uni\u00f3ns<\/a><\/strong>, rather than body OD or grado alone.<\/p>\n\n

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What tuber\u00eda de perforaci\u00f3n Conditions Matter Before Running Back In?<\/h2>\n\n

Running the sarta back downpozo starts with the uni\u00f3n that is about to be made, not with a generic checklist applied equally to every surface mark.<\/p>\n\n

uni\u00f3n identity should be clear so that the correct pin and box are being paired. The roscaed surfaces should be checked for obvious contamination, iMPact damage, or conditions that could prevent normal engagement.<\/p>\n\n

Shoulder faces also need attention. Dirt or newly created mechanical damage at the shoulder can affect how a rotaria-shouldered uni\u00f3n seats during make-up.<\/p>\n\n

The tool-junta OD can show what happened during breakout and handling. Fresh heavy tong impressions, iMPact damage, or unusual deformation should not simply be ignored because the roscas themselves look clean.<\/p>\n\n

The slip-contact region of the tuber\u00eda body provides another useful coMParison point. New cuts or gouges that appeared during extracci\u00f3n de la sarta<\/strong> should be distinguished from pre-existing surface desgaste.<\/p>\n\n

IADC’s tripping guidance similarly emphasizes the condition of tong jaws, tong dies, elevadors, and slips before and during a trip, reflecting the direct relationship between equipment condition and the surfaces being handled.<\/p>\n\n

These checks are not a substitute for formal perforar stem inspection. A equipo de perforaci\u00f3n-floor observation can identify a condition that needs attention, but it should not create an arbitrary acceptance limit. Continued service depends on the applicable inspection program, perforaci\u00f3n requirements, and qualified evaluation.<\/p>\n\n